Casting iron
Steels containing various amounts of carbon, but other metals such as chromium, vanadium, molybdenum, nickel, tungsten, etc.. They usually have well-defined areas of use as the content of alloying elements to increase the price considerably. A variety of recent so-called alloy steels are steels containing small amounts of micro alloying elements, strength and tenacity but high in cost. Stainless steels are alloy steels containing at least 12% chromium.
Cast iron contains 2.11% – 6.67% carbon, 1% – 6% silicon and small amounts of manganese. Its mechanical properties vary considerably depending on the form in which carbon occurs in the alloy. White cast iron containing carbon in the form of cementite, which makes them hard, but fragile. Breaking the surface of a white cast iron carbide has many facets fine, very open black and silver, which give the name of the material. In gray cast iron, carbon is present as free graphite, and also has low mechanical properties (although better than the white cast iron). Newer versions of cast iron, malleable iron and cast iron containing graphite as very irregular form of crystals (graphite Cluster) and form spheroidal (nodular), improving the strength and tenacity than the material.
Ferro-alloys are alloys of iron with other chemicals, which are present in high percentages.